Energy sources
Air source heat pump
Air source heat pumps use the ambient energy in outside-air or exhaust-air for heating, cooling and preparation of hot water. They can be installed as compact units entirely inside or outside the house (so called mono-bloc). Split systems consist (Fig. 1) of one unit inside the building and one outside. Heat is commonly distributed inside the house by a hydronic distribution system or by air using fan coils or a ducted ventilation system. Recent technical developments allow for efficient use in almost all climatic regions.
Water source heat pumps
Water source heat pumps use energy stored in ground, surface or sea water. Where ground water is easily available it is accessed by two drillings (Fig. 2). One is used as a water source, the second is used to reinject the water into the ground. The heat pump extracts heat from the water and makes it available for heating, cooling and preparation of hot water. Heat is commonly distributed inside the house by a hydronic distribution system or by air using fan coils or a ducted ventilation system. Water source heat pumps profit from particularly high efficiency due to excellent temperature characteristics of water as energy carrier.
Ground source heat pumps
Ground source heat pumps use energy stored in the ground for heating, cooling and preparation of hot water. They extract heat from the ground either by a vertical (Fig. 3) or horizontal collector (Fig. 4). Heat is commonly distributed by a hydronic distribution system or by air. Ground source heat pumps can be operated efficiently by employing the consistent temperature level of the ground.
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